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September 2010
cast: Ken Ogata, Rentar� Mikuni, Chocho Miyako, Mitsuko Baisho, and Mayumi Ogawa
director: Sh�hei Imamura
140 minutes (18) 1979
widescreen ratio 1.85:1
Eureka blu-ray region B retail
RATING: 8/10
review by Richard Bowden
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Vengeance Is Mine
Vengeance Is Mine (aka: Fukush� suru wa ware ni ari) marked Sh�hei Imamura's return to fiction filmmaking after a decade spent
working on documentaries. Imamura, who had begun his career working as an assistant to the great Yasujiro Ozu, soon found that the older
master's style was not to his taste, so he moved on, eventually making his own directorial debut in 1958.
In the following years, with such films as Pigs And Battleships (1962), The Insect Woman (1963), and Intentions Of Murder
(1964), Imamura found a place in the Japanese new wave along with contemporaries Masahiro Shinoda, and Nagisa Oshima. The failure of 1968's
Profound Desire Of The Gods, however, led to the director to withdraw from feature filmmaking, working mainly in television on
non-fiction projects.
The film which heralded his return, Vengeance Is Mine, is based on the true case of Nishiguchi, a Japanese criminal who eluded police
for 78 days while committing five murders. The novel from which the screenplay was taken changed the name of the anti-hero to Iwao Enokizu
and fictionalised real events. By providing a 'halfway house' between complete invention and real crime reporting, the source thus gave
Imamura an ideal stepping-stone back into feature films: retaining the support of documentary inspiration whilst allowing the director to
bring his personal vision and structuring to the events unfolding on screen.
Modern viewers are long used to a diet of slaughterer cinema, whether it be the Eileen Wuornos depicted in
Monster, Albert Fish of The Grey Man, or much less
illustrious fodder as Bundy, and Ed Gein. But even after 25
years, Vengeance Is Mine remains one of the few outstanding mass-murderer screen biographies. Told through a series of flashbacks,
Imamura's film suggests by its structure both the disassociations of a killer's mind as well as reducing any empathy between creator and
lead figure.
Thus we see Enokizu's story in five different time periods or points of view: first, during his final arrest and in police custody; then
during the police investigation itself; while the killer is committing his crimes and escaping from the law; fourthly, his life before his
crimes. Finally there's a scene or two occurring after the execution.
By recounting the various stages in a killer's life in non-linear fashion, interesting juxtapositions are possible, all the while dramatic
tension between crimes is disrupted. We know that the murderer will have his way and the opening shows us he has been caught. The script's
treatment of the material means suspense is removed from events, instead placed at a psychological level, i.e. not on how Enokizu builds to
a killing and, presumably, hopes to get away with it, but why he does.
But as Alex Cox says, in the introduction to this Eureka edition: "there are no easy answers" found in a movie much more oblique in its
presentation than Hollywood might attempt. Indeed, for the most part, Enokizu's crimes seem to have no overwhelming motive at all (apart
from the need for survival money), although deep at the heart of his compulsive behaviour is his bitter relationship with his father. And
as Cox further observes, although Vengeance Is Mine headlines a biblical source, ("vengeance is mine, I shall repay sayeth the Lord")
it is not absolutely clear in the film on who, or what, Enoziku is wreaking vengeance on.
If providence is interested in exacting justice by turn, bringing a necessary come-uppance, its mainly represented by two or three shots over
the course of a film, suggestive of a hangman's noose - much more man's law than heavenly retribution. This, while Enokizu is caught and
punished, such critical moments (commonplace set pieces in such western killer-centered films such as In Cold Blood) are not even
shown. Vengeance Is Mine leaves precise moments of apprehension and execution to our imagination. Instead it shifts focus onto a
fractured criminal career of mayhem, familial confusion, and casual sex.
Enoziku's father, Shizuo, is a complicated figure who stands as much at the centre of the narrative as does his son. Shamed during the war
by refusing to stand up to the requisitioning authorities (a traumatic event witnessed by his son) he later develops a close relationship
with Enokizu's wife. Although we presume not consummated, this attraction is a continuing source of great friction. But as Shizuo admits,
another tie binds them as: "the blood of the devil runs in my blood too."
At the end of the film it is left to Shizuo, a Catholic, to feel the guilt his son never expresses, and undergo excommunication as he arranges
to be buried away from his wife in final penance. Critics have argued that Enoziku's murderous career is ultimately inspired by a lack of
ability to kill his own father, and this failure is what motivates in turn his rage against others. Shizuo certainly recognises this weakness
in murder during a final confrontation between the two, and it represents Enoziku's only regret.
With many of its characters drawn from the working classes and a preoccupation with sex, Vengeance Is Mine is a film entirely
characteristic of its director, even after a decade long hiatus in his feature career. Like Mizoguichi before him, he often concerned
himself with fallen or distressed women in his movies and here they are, represented once again. Imamura had also been a black marketeer
in his early years, and was quite at home depicting the underbelly of society, whether it be the sleazy family inn at which Enoziku finds
himself, the casual nature of the call-girls brought to its door or the fact that grandmother (herself a killer) watches intimate proceedings
through a peep-hole.
Enoziku adapts the identity of a university professor during his stay at the inn, and elsewhere a lawyer (filching thereby an amount of money
saved for a parole payment). Both outwardly upstanding and hunted at the same time, the criminal hides his culpability beneath a respectable
fa�ade. As with the rest of the film, the director's distancing allows no judgement on this state of affairs, merely showing Enoziku's
illusion as convincing. Instead it leaves the anti-hero and his actions in a limbo, dependent on our own moral standpoint. Like the murderer's
bones, thrown into the sky at the close, matters are suspended between heaven and hell, requiring further investigation.
The blu-ray disc presents the film well, although the difference between this and a regular DVD is necessarily minimal given the source. Alex
Cox's brief introduction is informative, if in typical off-the-cuff style. The package also includes an original trailer and teaser. An
interesting and enlightening commentary track by authority Tony Rayns is well worth investigating and represents a significant extra,
although this is most likely carried over from the regular DVD release. Unless one is particular about a blu-ray acquisition the cheaper
format is the way to go.
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